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You can redefine or overload built-in operators in C#. Therefore, programmers can also use operators of user-defined types. Overloading operators are functions with special names, accessed by the keyword operator defined by following the symbol of the operator. Like other functions, overloaded operators have a return type and a parameter list.
For example, see the following function:
public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c) { Box box = new Box(); box.length = b.length + c.length; box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth; box.height = b.height + c.height; return box; }
The above function implements the addition operator for the user-defined class Box (+)。It adds the properties of two Box objects and returns the Box object after addition.
The following program demonstrates the complete implementation:
using System; namespace OperatorOvlApplication { class Box { private double length; // length private double breadth; // width private double height; // height public double getVolume() { return length * breadth * height } public void setLength(double len) { length = len; } public void setBreadth(double bre) { breadth = bre; } public void setHeight(double hei) { height = hei; } // overload + operator to add two Box objects public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c) { Box box = new Box(); box.length = b.length + c.length; box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth; box.height = b.height + c.height; return box; } } class Tester { static void Main(string[] args) { Box Box1 = new Box(); // declare Box1of type Box Box Box2 = new Box(); // declare Box2of type Box Box Box3 = new Box(); // declare Box3of type Box double volume = 0.0; // Volume // Box1 Details Box1.setLength(6; Box1.setBreadth(7; Box1.setHeight(5; // Box2 Details Box2.setLength(12; Box2.setBreadth(13; Box2.setHeight(10; // Box1 volume volume = Box1; Console.WriteLine("Box1 of volume: {0} // Box2 volume volume = Box2; Console.WriteLine("Box2 of volume: {0} // add two objects Box3 Equal to Box1 + Box2; // Box3 volume volume = Box3; Console.WriteLine("Box3 of volume: {0} Console.ReadKey(); } } }
When the above code is compiled and executed, it will produce the following results:
Box1 Volume: 210 Box2 Volume: 1560 Box3 Volume: 5400
The following table describes the ability to overload operators in C#:
Operator | Description |
---|---|
+, -, !, ~, ++, -- | These unary operators have only one operand and can be overloaded. |
+, -, *, /, % | These binary operators have two operands and can be overloaded. |
==, !=, <, >, <=, >= | These comparison operators can be overloaded. |
&&, || | These conditional logical operators cannot be overloaded directly. |
+=, -=, *=, /=, %= | These assignment operators cannot be overloaded. |
=, ., ?:, ->, new, is, sizeof, typeof | These operators cannot be overloaded. |
In light of the above discussion, let us extend the example above by overloading more operators:
using System; namespace OperatorOvlApplication { class Box { private double length; // length private double breadth; // width private double height; // height public double getVolume() { return length * breadth * height } public void setLength(double len) { length = len; } public void setBreadth(double bre) { breadth = bre; } public void setHeight(double hei) { height = hei; } // overload + operator to add two Box objects public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c) { Box box = new Box(); box.length = b.length + c.length; box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth; box.height = b.height + c.height; return box; } public static bool operator ==(Box lhs, Box rhs) { bool status = false; if (lhs.length == rhs.length && lhs.height == rhs.height && lhs.breadth == rhs.breadth) { status = true; } return status; } public static bool operator !=(Box lhs, Box rhs) { bool status = false; if (lhs.length != rhs.length || lhs.height != rhs.height || lhs.breadth != rhs.breadth) { status = true; } return status; } public static bool operator <(Box lhs, Box rhs) { bool status = false; if (lhs.length < rhs.length && lhs.height < rhs.height && lhs.breadth < rhs.breadth) { status = true; } return status; } public static bool operator >(Box lhs, Box rhs) { bool status = false; if (lhs.length > rhs.length && lhs.height > rhs.height && lhs.breadth > rhs.breadth) { status = true; } return status; } public static bool operator <=(Box lhs, Box rhs) { bool status = false; if (lhs.length <= rhs.length && lhs.height <= rhs.height && lhs.breadth <= rhs.breadth) { status = true; } return status; } public static bool operator >=(Box lhs, Box rhs) { bool status = false; if (lhs.length >= rhs.length && lhs.height >= rhs.height && lhs.breadth >= rhs.breadth) { status = true; } return status; } public override string ToString() { return String.Format("({0}, ",1}, {2}) { } } class Tester { static void Main(string[] args) { Box Box1 = new Box(); // declare Box1of type Box Box Box2 = new Box(); // declare Box2of type Box Box Box3 = new Box(); // declare Box3of type Box Box Box4 = new Box(); double volume = 0.0; // Volume // Box1 Details Box1.setLength(6; Box1.setBreadth(7; Box1.setHeight(5; // Box2 Details Box2.setLength(12; Box2.setBreadth(13; Box2.setHeight(10; // using overloaded ToString() to display two boxes Console.WriteLine("Box1: {0}1; Console.WriteLine("Box2: {0}2; // Box1 volume volume = Box1; Console.WriteLine("Box1 of volume: {0} // Box2 volume volume = Box2; Console.WriteLine("Box2 of volume: {0} // add two objects Box3 Equal to Box1 + Box2; Console.WriteLine("Box3: {0}3; // Box3 volume volume = Box3; Console.WriteLine("Box3 of volume: {0} //comparing the boxes If Box1 > Box2) Console.WriteLine("Box1 greater than Box2"); else Console.WriteLine("Box1 Not Greater Than Box2"); If Box1 < Box2) Console.WriteLine("Box1 Less Than Box2"); else Console.WriteLine("Box1 Not Less Than Box2"); If Box1 Greater Than or Equal to Box2) Console.WriteLine("Box1 Greater Than or Equal to Box2"); else Console.WriteLine("Box1 Not Greater Than or Equal to Box2"); If Box1 Less Than or Equal to Box2) Console.WriteLine("Box1 Less Than or Equal to Box2"); else Console.WriteLine("Box1 Not Less Than or Equal to Box2"); If Box1 Not Equal to Box2) Console.WriteLine("Box1 Not Equal to Box2"); else Console.WriteLine("Box1 Equal to Box2"); Box4 Equal to Box3; If Box3 Equal to Box4) Console.WriteLine("Box3 Equal to Box4"); else Console.WriteLine("Box3 Not Equal to Box4"); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
When the above code is compiled and executed, it will produce the following results:
Box1: (6, 7, 5) Box2: (12, 13, 10) Box1 Volume: 210 Box2 Volume: 1560 Box3: (18, 20, 15) Box3 Volume: 5400 Box1 Not Greater Than Box2 Box1 Less Than Box2 Box1 Not Greater Than or Equal to Box2 Box1 Less Than or Equal to Box2 Box1 Not Equal to Box2 Box3 Equal to Box4