Spring Tutorial

The Spring framework was created due to the complexity of software development. Spring uses basic JavaBeans to complete tasks that were previously only possible by EJB. However, the use of Spring is not limited to server-side development. From the perspectives of simplicity, testability, and loose coupling, most Java applications can benefit from Spring.

This Spring tutorial provides an in-depth understanding of the Spring Framework through simplified examples. It isby Rod Johnson in2003year developed. The Spring framework makes the development of JavaEE applications easy.

This is very helpful for both beginners and experienced people.

Spring Framework

Spring is a lightweight (lightweight) Framework. It can be considered as theFramework, as it provides support for various frameworks such as Struts, Hibernate, Tapestry, EJB, JSF, etc. Broadly speaking, it can be defined as a structure in which solutions to various technical problems can be found.

The Spring framework includes several modules, such as IOC, AOP, DAO, Context, ORM, WEB MVC, etc. We will learn these modules on the next page. First, let's understand IOC and dependency injection.

Inversion of Control (IOC) and Dependency Injection

These are design patterns used to remove dependencies from programming code. They make the code easier to test and maintain. Let's understand this with the following code:

class Employee{
Address address;
Employee(){
address = new Address();
}
}

In this case, there is a dependency (tight coupling) between Employee and Address. In the "Inversion of Control" approach, we perform the following operations:

class Employee{
Address address;
Employee(Address address){
this.address = address;
}
}

Therefore, IOC makes the code loosely coupled. In this case, if our logic moves to a new environment, we do not need to modify the code.

In the Spring framework, the IOC container is responsible for injecting dependencies. We provide metadata to the IOC container through XML files or annotations.

Advantages of Dependency Injection

Make code loosely coupled, thus easy to maintainMake code easy to test

Advantages of Spring Framework

The Spring Framework has many advantages. They are as follows:

1Predefined Templates

The Spring framework provides templates for technologies such as JDBC, Hibernate, JPA, etc. Therefore, there is no need to write too much code. It hides the basic steps of these technologies.

Let's take JdbcTemplate as an example. You do not need to write code to handle exceptions, create connections, create statements, commit transactions, close connections, and so on. You only need to write code to execute queries. This saves a lot of JDBC code.

2Loose Coupling

Due to dependency injection, Spring applications are loosely coupled.

3Easy to Test

Dependency injection makes it easier to test applications. EJB or Struts applications require a server to run the application, but the Spring framework does not require a server.

4Lightweight

The Spring Framework is lightweight in implementation due to its POJOs. The Spring Framework does not force programmers to inherit any class or implement any interface. This is why it is called non-intrusive.

5Rapid Development

The dependency injection feature of the Spring Framework and its support for various frameworks make development easier.

6Strong Abstraction

It provides strong abstraction for JavaEE specifications (such as JMS, JDBC, JPA, and JTA).

7Declarative Support

It provides declarative support for the following: caching, validation, transactions, and formatting.

Spring Index

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