Linux od command

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The Linux od command is used to output file content.

The od command reads the content of the given file and presents its content in octal character codes.

syntax

od [-abcdfhilovx][-A <base number of character codes>][-j <number of characters>][-N <number of characters>][-s <number of string characters>][-t <output format>][-w <number of characters per column>][--help][--version][file...]

parameters:

• -a This parameter's effect is the same as specifying-ta" parameter is the same.
• -A<base number of character codes> Choose which base to calculate character codes.
• -b This parameter's effect is the same as specifying-toC" parameter is the same.
• -c This parameter's effect is the same as specifying-tC" parameter is the same.
• -d This parameter's effect is the same as specifying-tu2"The parameters are the same.
• -f This parameter's effect is the same as specifying-tfF" parameter is the same.
• -h This parameter's effect is the same as specifying-tx2"The parameters are the same.
• -i This parameter's effect is the same as specifying-td2"The parameters are the same.
• -or a number of characters--skip-bytes=<number of characters> 　Skip the set number of characters.
• -l 　The effect of this parameter is the same as specifying"-td4"The parameters are the same.
• -N<number of characters> or--read-bytes=<number of characters> 　Up to the set number of characters.
• -o 　The effect of this parameter is the same as specifying"-to2"The parameters are the same.
• -s<number of string characters> or--strings=<number of string characters> 　Only display strings that match the specified number of characters.
• -t<output format> or--format=<output format> 　Set the output format.
• -v or--output-duplicates 　Do not omit duplicate data when outputting.
• -w<number of characters per column> or--width=<number of characters per column> 　Set the maximum number of characters per column.
• -x 　The effect of this parameter is the same as specifying"-h"The parameters are the same.
• --help 　Online help.
• --version 　Display version information.

Online Examples

Create tmp file:

$ echo abcdef g > tmp
$ cat tmp
abcdef g

Using the od command:

$ od -b tmp
0000000 141 142 143 144 145 146 040 147 012
0000011

Output using single-byte octal interpretation, note that the default address format on the left is eight bytes:

$ od -c tmp
0000000   a   b   c   d   e   f       g  \n
0000011

Output using ASCII code, note that it includes escape characters

$ od -t d1 tmp
0000000   97   98   99  100  101  102   32  103   10
0000011

Interpreted using single-byte decimal

$ od -A d -c tmp
0000000   a   b   c   d   e   f       g  \n
0000009

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