Linux ps command

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The Linux ps command (full English spelling: process status) is used to display the status of current processes, similar to Windows Task Manager.

Syntax

ps [options] [--help]

Parameter:

• There are many parameters for ps, here are only a few commonly used parameters and a brief introduction of their meanings
• -A Lists all processes
• -w Displays widened information
• -au Displays more detailed information
• -aux Displays all processes that include other users

• au(x) Output format :

  USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND

  • USER: Process owner
  • PID: process ID
  • %CPU: CPU usage rate
  • %MEM: Memory usage rate
  • VSZ: Size of virtual memory occupied
  • RSS: Size of memory occupied
  • TTY: The minor device number of the terminal

  • STAT: The state of the process:

    • D: Cannot be interrupted sleep state (usually IO processes)
    • R: Running
    • S: Stopped state
    • T: Suspended execution
    • Z: Non-existent but temporarily cannot be removed
    • W: Not enough memory pages to allocate
    • <: High priority process
    • N: Low priority process
    • L: Memory page allocation with locking in memory (real-time system or waiting for A I)/O)
  • START: Process start time
  • TIME: Execution time
  • COMMAND: The executed command

Online examples

Search for specified process format:

ps -ef | grep process keyword

For example, display the php process:

# ps -ef | grep php
root       794     1  0  2020 ?        00:00:52 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php/7.3/fpm/php-fpm.conf)
www-data   951   794  0  2020 ?        00:24:15 php-fpm: pool www
www-data   953   794  0  2020 ?        00:24:14 php-fpm: pool www
www-data   954   794  0  2020 ?        00:24:29 php-fpm: pool www
...

Display process information:

# ps -A 
PID TTY     TIME CMD
  1 ?    00:00:02 init
  2 ?    00:00:00 kthreadd
  3 ?    00:00:00 migration/0
  4 ?    00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
  5 ?    00:00:00 watchdog/0
  6 ?    00:00:00 events/0
  7 ?    00:00:00 cpuset
  8 ?    00:00:00 khelper
  9 ?    00:00:00 netns
  10 ?    00:00:00 async/mgr
  11 ?    00:00:00 pm
  12 ?    00:00:00 sync_supers
  13 ?    00:00:00 bdi-default
  14 ?    00:00:00 kintegrityd/0
  15 ?    00:00:02 kblockd/0
  16 ?    00:00:00 kacpid
  17 ?    00:00:00 kacpi_notify
  18 ?    00:00:00 kacpi_hotplug
  19 ?    00:00:27 ata/0
……Omitted Part of the Result
30749 pts/0  00:00:15 gedit
30886 ?    00:01:10 qtcreator.bin
30894 ?    00:00:00 qtcreator.bin 
31160 ?    00:00:00 dhclient
31211 ?    00:00:00 aptd
31302 ?    00:00:00 sshd
31374 pts/2  00:00:00 bash
31396 pts/2  00:00:00 ps

Display information of specified user

# ps -u root //Display root process user information
 PID TTY     TIME CMD
  1 ?    00:00:02 init
  2 ?    00:00:00 kthreadd
  3 ?    00:00:00 migration/0
  4 ?    00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
  5 ?    00:00:00 watchdog/0
  6 ?    00:00:00 events/0
  7 ?    00:00:00 cpuset
  8 ?    00:00:00 khelper
  9 ?    00:00:00 netns
  10 ?    00:00:00 async/mgr
  11 ?    00:00:00 pm
  12 ?    00:00:00 sync_supers
  13 ?    00:00:00 bdi-default
  14 ?    00:00:00 kintegrityd/0
  15 ?    00:00:02 kblockd/0
  16 ?    00:00:00 kacpid
……Omitted Part of the Result
30487 ?    00:00:06 gnome-terminal
30488 ?    00:00:00 gnome-pty-help
30489 pts/0  00:00:00 bash
30670 ?    00:00:00 debconf-communi 
30749 pts/0  00:00:15 gedit
30886 ?    00:01:10 qtcreator.bin
30894 ?    00:00:00 qtcreator.bin 
31160 ?    00:00:00 dhclient
31211 ?    00:00:00 aptd
31302 ?    00:00:00 sshd
31374 pts/2  00:00:00 bash
31397 pts/2  00:00:00 ps

Display All Process Information, Including Command Line

# ps -ef //Display All Commands, Including Command Line
UID    PID PPID C STIME TTY     TIME CMD
root     1   0 0 10:22 ?    00:00:02 /sbin/init
root     2   0 0 10:22 ?    00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root     3   2 0 10:22 ?    00:00:00 [migration/0]
root     4   2 0 10:22 ?    00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root     5   2 0 10:22 ?    00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
root     6   2 0 10:22 ?    /usr/lib/NetworkManager
……Omitted Part of the Result
root   31302 2095 0 17:42 ?    00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/2 
root   31374 31302 0 17:42 pts/2  00:00:00 -bash
root   31400   1 0 17:46 ?    00:00:00 /usr/bin/python /usr/sbin/aptd
root   31407 31374 0 17:48 pts/2  00:00:00 ps -ef

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