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When running a container, if the image used is not present locally, Docker will automatically download it from the Docker image repository, by default from the public Docker Hub image source.
Let's learn below:
1, manage and use local Docker host images
2, create image
We can use docker images to list the images on the local host.
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu 14.04 90d5884b1ee0 5 days ago 188 MB php 5.6 f40e9e0f10c8 9 days ago 444.8 MB nginx latest 6f8d099c3adc 12 days ago 182.7 MB mysql 5.6 f2e8d6c772c0 3 weeks ago 324.6 MB httpd latest 02ef73cf1bc0 3 weeks ago 194.4 MB ubuntu 15.10 4e3b13c8a266 4 weeks ago 136.3 MB hello-world latest 690ed74de00f 6 months ago 960 B training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 11 months ago 348.8 MB
Description of various options:
REPOSITORY:Indicates the image repository
TAG:Image tag
IMAGE ID:Image ID
CREATED:Image creation time
SIZE:Image size
The same repository can have multiple TAGs, representing different versions of the repository, such as in the ubuntu repository, there are 15.10,14.04 and so on, we use REPOSITORY:TAG to define different images.
So, if we want to use versions such as15.10To run containers using the ubuntu system image, the command is as follows:
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker run -t -i ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash root@d77ccb2e5cca:/#
Parameter description:
-iInteractive operation.
-tTerminal.
ubuntu:15.10This refers to using ubuntu 15.10 to start the container with the version image as the base.
/bin/bashThe command placed after the image name is, here we want an interactive Shell, so we use /bin/bash.
If you want to use a version of 14.04 To run containers using the ubuntu system image, the command is as follows:
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker run -t -i ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash root@39e968165990:/#
If you do not specify a version tag for an image, for example, if you only use 'ubuntu', Docker will use the default 'ubuntu:latest' image.
When we use a non-existent image on the local host, Docker will automatically download this image. If we want to download this image in advance, we can use the docker pull command to download it.
Cw3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker pull ubuntu:13.10 13.10: Pulling from library/ubuntu 6599cadaf950: Pull complete 23eda618d451: Pull complete f0be3084efe9: Pull complete 52de432f084b: Pull complete a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete Digest: sha256:15b79a6654811c8d992ebacdfbd5152fcf3d165e374e264076aa435214a947a3 Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:13.10
After the download is complete, we can directly use this image to run the container.
We can search for images from the Docker Hub website, the URL of which is:https://hub.docker.com/
We can also use the docker search command to search for images. For example, if we need an httpd image as our web service, we can search for httpd using the docker search command to find an image suitable for us.
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker search httpd
NAME: Name of the image repository source
DESCRIPTION: Description of the image
OFFICIAL: Whether it is released by Docker official
stars: Similar to the star in Github, it means like or favorite.
AUTOMATED: Automatically build.
We decide to use the official version of httpd in the figure above, and download the image using the command docker pull.
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker pull httpd Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/httpd 8b87079b7a06: Pulling fs layer a3ed95caeb02: Download complete 0d62ec9c6a76: Download complete a329d50397b9: Download complete ea7c1f032b5c: Waiting be44112b72c7: Waiting
After the download is complete, we can use this image.
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker run httpd
is used for image deletion docker rmi command, such as deleting hello-world image:
$ docker rmi hello-world
When the image downloaded from the docker image repository does not meet our needs, we can modify the image in the following two ways.
1, update the image from the already created container and submit this image
2, use Dockerfile instructions to create a new image
Before updating the image, we need to use the image to create a container.
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker run -t -i ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash root@e218edb10161:/#
to use inside a running container apt-get update command to update.
After completing the operation, enter the exit command to exit this container.
Now the ID is e218edb10161 container, is the container modified according to our needs. We can submit a container copy by using the command docker commit.
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker commit -m="has update" -a="w3codebox" e218edb10161 w3codebox/ubuntu:v2 sha256:70bf1840fd7c0d2d8ef0a42a817eb29f854c1af8f7c59fc03ac7bdee9545aff8
Description of various parameters:
-m: submitted description information
-a: to specify the image author
e218edb10161:container ID
w3codebox/ubuntu:v2: to specify the target image name to be created
We can use docker images command to view our new image w3codebox/ubuntu:v2:
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE w3codebox/ubuntu v2 70bf1840fd7c 15 seconds ago 158.5 MB ubuntu 14.04 90d5884b1ee0 5 days ago 188 MB php 5.6 f40e9e0f10c8 9 days ago 444.8 MB nginx latest 6f8d099c3adc 12 days ago 182.7 MB mysql 5.6 f2e8d6c772c0 3 weeks ago 324.6 MB httpd latest 02ef73cf1bc0 3 weeks ago 194.4 MB ubuntu 15.10 4e3b13c8a266 4 weeks ago 136.3 MB hello-world latest 690ed74de00f 6 months ago 960 B training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 12 months ago 348.8 MB
using our new image w3codebox/ubuntu to start a container
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker run -t -i w3codebox/ubuntu:v2 /bin/bash root@1a9fbdeb5da3:/#
We use the command docker build Starting from scratch to create a new image. To do this, we need to create a Dockerfile file that contains a set of instructions to tell Docker how to build our image.
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ cat Dockerfile FROM centos:6.7 MAINTAINER Fisher "[email protected]" RUN /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd RUN useradd w3codebox RUN /bin/echo 'w3codebox:123456' |chpasswd RUN /bin/echo -e "LANG=en_US.UTF-8""/etc/default/local EXPOSE 22 EXPOSE 80 CMD /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Each instruction will create a new layer on the image, and the prefix of each instruction must be uppercase.
The first FROM specifies which image source to use
The RUN instruction tells docker to execute commands within the image, what is installed and so on...
Then, we use the Dockerfile file to build an image through the 'docker build' command.
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker build -t w3codebox/centos:6.7 . Sending build context to Docker daemon 17.92 kB Step 1 : FROM centos:6.7 ---> d95b5ca17cc3 Step 2 : MAINTAINER Fisher "[email protected]" ---> Using cache ---> 0c92299c6f03 Step 3 : RUN /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd ---> Using cache ---> 0397ce2fbd0a Step 4 : RUN useradd w3codebox ......
Parameter description:
-t :Specify the target image name to be created
. :Directory where the Dockerfile file is located, can specify the absolute path of Dockerfile
Using 'docker images' to view, the created image already exists in the list, with image ID860c279d2fec
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE w3codebox/centos 6.7 860c279d2fec About a minute ago 190.6 MB w3codebox/ubuntu v2 70bf1840fd7c 17 hours ago 158.5 MB ubuntu 14.04 90d5884b1ee0 6 days ago 188 MB php 5.6 f40e9e0f10c8 10 days ago 444.8 MB nginx latest 6f8d099c3adc 12 days ago 182.7 MB mysql 5.6 f2e8d6c772c0 3 weeks ago 324.6 MB httpd latest 02ef73cf1bc0 3 weeks ago 194.4 MB ubuntu 15.10 4e3b13c8a266 5 weeks ago 136.3 MB hello-world latest 690ed74de00f 6 months ago 960 B centos 6.7 d95b5ca17cc3 6 months ago 190.6 MB training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 12 months ago 348.8 MB
We can use the new image to create a container
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker run -t -i w3codebox/centos:6.7 /bin/bash [root@41c28d18b5fb /]# id w3codebox uid=500(w3codebox) gid=500(w3codebox) groups=500(w3codebox)
As seen above, the new image already includes the user w we created3codebox
We can use the 'docker tag' command to add a new tag to the image.
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker tag 860c279d2fec w3codebox/centos:dev
docker tag image ID, here is 860c279d2fec, username, repository name (repository name), and the new tag name (tag).
You can see from the 'docker images' command that the ID is860c279d2The fec image has an additional tag.
w3codebox@w3codebox:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE w3codebox/centos 6.7 860c279d2fec 5 hours ago 190.6 MB w3codebox/centos dev 860c279d2fec 5 hours ago 190.6 MB w3codebox/ubuntu v2 70bf1840fd7c 22 hours ago 158.5 MB ubuntu 14.04 90d5884b1ee0 6 days ago 188 MB php 5.6 f40e9e0f10c8 10 days ago 444.8 MB nginx latest 6f8d099c3adc 13 days ago 182.7 MB mysql 5.6 f2e8d6c772c0 3 weeks ago 324.6 MB httpd latest 02ef73cf1bc0 3 weeks ago 194.4 MB ubuntu 15.10 4e3b13c8a266 5 weeks ago 136.3 MB hello-world latest 690ed74de00f 6 months ago 960 B centos 6.7 d95b5ca17cc3 6 months ago 190.6 MB training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 12 months ago 348.8 MB