JSP Internationalization

Before we begin, we need to explain several important concepts:

Internationalization (i18n): Indicates that a page presents different translated versions based on the visitor's language or country.
Localization (l10n): Add resources to the website to make it adapt to different regions and cultures. For example, the Indian version of the website.
Region: This is a specific region or culture, usually considered a language symbol and a country symbol connected by an underscore. For example, "en_US" represents the English-speaking region in the United States.

If you want to build a globalized website, you need to be concerned about a series of projects. This chapter will explain in detail how to handle internationalization issues and provide some examples to enhance understanding.

The JSP container can provide the correct page version based on the locale attribute of the request. The syntax for obtaining the Locale object through the request object is given next:

java.util.Locale request.getLocale()

Detect Locale

The following table lists some important methods in the Locale object, used to detect the region, language, and locale of the request object. All these methods will display the country name and language name in the browser:

Number	Method & Description
1	String getCountry() Returns the country/The English uppercase region code, or ISO 3166 2-Letter formatted region
2	String getDisplayCountry() Returns the country name to be displayed to the user
3	String getLanguage() Returns the language code in lowercase English, or ISO 639 Formatted region
4	String getDisplayLanguage() Returns the language name to be displayed to the user
5	String getISO3Country() Returns the country name of3Abbreviation
6	String getISO3Language() Returns the language name of3Abbreviation

Example Demonstration

This example tells us how to display language and country in JSP:

<%@ page import="java.io."*,java.util.Locale" %>
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.*,javax.servlet.http.* "%>
<%
   //Get client localization information
   Locale locale = request.getLocale();
   String language = locale.getLanguage();
   String country = locale.getCountry();
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Detecting Locale</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>Detecting Locale</h1>
</center>
<p align="center">
<% 
   out.println("Language : ") + language  + "<br />");
   out.println("Country  : ") + country   + "<br />");
%>
</p>
</body>
</html>

Language Setting

JSP can use Western European languages to output a page, such as English, Spanish, German, French, Italian, and so on. From this, it can be seen that setting the Content-It is very important to set the Language information header correctly to display all characters.

The second point is that it is necessary to use HTML character entities to display special characters, such as "ñ" represents the ñ, "¡" represents the ¡ :

<%@ page import="java.io."*,java.util.Locale" %>
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.*,javax.servlet.http.* "%>
<%
    // Set response content type
    response.setContentType("text/html");
    // Set Spanish language code.
    response.setHeader("Content"-Language", "es");
    String title = "In Spanish";
%>
<html>
<head>
<title><%  out.print(title); %></title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1><%  out.print(title); %></h1>
</center>
<div align="center">
<p>In Spanish</p>
<p>?Hola Mundo!</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Locale-specific Dates

You can use the java.text.DateFormat class and its static method getDateTimeInstance() to format dates and times. The following example shows how to format dates and times based on a specified locale:

<%@ page import="java.io."*,java.util.Locale" %>
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.*,javax.servlet.http.* "%>
<%@ page import="java.text.DateFormat,java.util.Date" %>
<%
    String title = "Locale Specific Dates";
    //Get the client's Locale
    Locale locale = request.getLocale( );
    String date = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(
                                  DateFormat.FULL, 
                                  DateFormat.SHORT, 
                                  locale).format(new Date( ));
%>
<html>
<head>
<title><% out.print(title); %></title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1><% out.print(title); %></h1>
</center>
<div align="center">
<p>Local Date: <%  out.print(date); %></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Locale-specific Currency

You can use the java.text.NumberFormat class and its static method getCurrencyInstance() to format numbers. For example, in locale-specific currencies for long and double types. The following example demonstrates how to format currency based on a specified locale:

<%@ page import="java.io."*,java.util.Locale" %>
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.*,javax.servlet.http.* "%>
<%@ page import="java.text.NumberFormat,java.util.Date" %>
<%
    String title = "Locale Specific Currency";
    //Get the client's Locale
    Locale locale = request.getLocale( );
    NumberFormat nft = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(locale);
    String formattedCurr = nft.format(1000000);
%>
<html>
<head>
<title><% out.print(title); %></title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1><% out.print(title); %></h1>
</center>
<div align="center">
<p>Formatted Currency: <%  out.print(formattedCurr); %></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Locale-specific Percentages

You can use the java.text.NumberFormat class and its static method getPercentInstance() to format percentages. The following example shows how to format percentages based on a specified locale:

<%@ page import="java.io."*,java.util.Locale" %>
<%@ page import="javax.servlet.*,javax.servlet.http.* "%>
<%@ page import="java.text.NumberFormat,java.util.Date" %>
<%
    String title = "Locale Specific Percentage";
    //Get the client's Locale
    Locale locale = request.getLocale( );
    NumberFormat nft = NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(locale);
    String formattedPerc = nft.format(0.51);
%>
<html>
<head>
<title><% out.print(title); %></title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1><% out.print(title); %></h1>
</center>
<div align="center">
<p>Formatted Percentage: <%  out.print(formattedPerc); %></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

JSP Debugging

JSP Basic Tutorial