Daily Compilation of the Complete List of Common Linux Commands (Saved)

This article is a collection of Linux command knowledge collected and sorted by the editor for everyone's daily use, which is very good and has reference value. The specific content details are as follows:

Common commands

ls　　　　　　　　　 Display files or directories

　　　　 -l　　　　　　　　　　 List file details l(list)

　　　　 -a　　　　　　　　　 List all files and directories in the current directory, including hidden files a(all)

mkdir　　　　　　　　 Create a directory

　　　　 -p　　　　　　　　　　 Create a directory, if no parent directory, create p(parent)

cd　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Change directory

touch　　　　　　　　　 Create an empty file

echo　　　　　　　　　 Create a file with content.

cat　　　　　　　　　　　 View file content

cp　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Copy

mv　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Move or rename

rm　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Delete file

　　　　 -r　　　　　　　　　　　 递归删除，可删除子目录及文件

　　　　 -f　　　　　　　　　　　 强制删除

find　　　　　　　　　　　　　 在文件系统中搜索某文件

wc　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 统计文本中行数、字数、字符数

grep　　　　　　　　　　　　 在文本文件中查找某个字符串

rmdir　　　　　　　　　　 删除空目录

tree　　　　　　　　　　　　 树形结构显示目录，需要安装tree包

pwd　　　　　　　　　　　　　 显示当前目录

ln　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 创建链接文件

more、less　 分页显示文本文件内容

head、tail　　　 显示文件头、尾内容

ctrl+alt+F1　 命令行全屏模式

　系统管理命令

stat　　　　　　　　　　　　　 显示指定文件的详细信息，比ls更详细

who　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 显示在线登陆用户

whoami　　　　　　　　　 显示当前操作用户

hostname　　　　　 显示主机名

uname　　　　　　　　　　 显示系统信息

top　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 动态显示当前耗费资源最多进程信息

ps　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 显示瞬间进程状态 ps -aux

du　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 查看目录大小 du -h /home带有单位显示目录信息

df　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 查看磁盘大小 df -h 带有单位显示磁盘信息

ifconfig　　　　　　　　　 查看网络情况

ping　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 测试网络连通

netstat　　　　　　　　　 显示网络状态信息

man　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 命令不会用了，找男人　 如：man ls

clear　　　　　　　　　　　　　 清屏

alias　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 对命令重命名 如：alias showmeit="ps -aux" ，另外解除使用unaliax showmeit

kill　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 杀死进程，可以先用ps 或 top命令查看进程的id，然后再用kill命令杀死进程。

　打包压缩相关命令

gzip：

bzip2：

tar:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 打包压缩

　　　　 -archive file

　　　　 -compressed file

　　　　 -gzip compressed file

　　　　 -bzip2compressed file

　　　　 -v

　　　　 -f

Example:

tar -cvf /home/abc.tar /home/abc

tar -zcvf /home/abc.tar.gz /home/abc

tar -jcvf /home/abc.tar.bz2 /home/abc2compression

Of course, if you want to decompress, just replace the above command with tar -cvf　 / tar -zcvf　 / tar -Replace the 'c' in jcvf with 'x' to do so.

　shutdown/restart the machine

shutdown

　　　　 -r

　　　　 -h

　　　　 now

halt

reboot

　Linux pipeline

Take the standard output of one command as the standard input of another command. That is, combine several commands to use, and the result of the last command is divided by the result of the previous command.

Example: grep -r "close" /home/* | more

　Linux software package management

dpkg (Debian Package) management tool, software package name with .deb suffix. This method is suitable for systems that cannot connect to the internet.

For example, to install the package for the tree command, first transfer tree.deb to the Linux system. Then use the following command to install.

sudo dpkg -i tree_1.5.3-1_i386.deb

sudo dpkg -r tree

　Note: There are many ways to transfer tree.deb to a Linux system. VMwareTool, using mounting method; using winSCP tool, etc.

APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) advanced software tool. This method is suitable for systems that can connect to the internet.

still take tree as an example

sudo apt-get install tree

sudo apt-get remove tree Uninstall tree

sudo apt-get update Update software

sudo apt-get upgrade　　　　　　　

　Convert .rpm files to .deb files

.rpm is the software format used by RedHat. It cannot be used directly under Ubuntu, so it needs to be converted.

sudo alien abc.rpm

　Vim usage

Vim has three modes: command mode, insert mode, and edit mode. Use ESC or i or : to switch modes.

Command mode:

:q Exit

:q! Force exit

:wq Save and exit

:set number Show line numbers

:set nonumber Hide line numbers

/apache Find apache in the document, press n to jump to the next, shift+n Previous

yyp Copy the line where the cursor is, and paste

h(Left one character ←), j(Next line ↓), k(Previous line ↑), l(Right one character →)

　User and user group management

/etc/passwd Stores the user account

/etc/group Stores the group account

/etc/shadow Stores the password of the user account

/etc/gshadow Stores the password of the user group account

useradd username

userdel username

adduser username

groupadd group name

groupdel group name

passwd root Set password for root

su root

su - root

/etc/profile System environment variables

bash_profile User environment variables

.bashrc User environment variables

su user Switch user, load configuration file .bashrc

su - user Switch user, load configuration file/etc/profile, load bash_profile

Change the user and group of the file

sudo chown [-R] owner[:group] {File|Directory}

For example: still using jdk-7u21-linux-i586.tar.gz as an example. It belongs to the user hadoop, group hadoop

To switch the user and group of this file, you can use the command.

sudo chown root:root jdk-7u21-linux-i586.tar.gz

　File Permission Management

Three basic permissions

R Read Numeric representation4

W Write Numeric representation2

X Executable Numeric representation1

As shown in the figure, jdk-7u21-linux-i586The permission of the .tar.gz file is-rw-rw-r--

-rw-rw-r--A total of ten characters, divided into four parts.

The first character "-" represents a normal file; this position may also appear "l" link; "d" represents a directory

The second, third, and fourth characters "rw-" represents the permissions of the current user. So the numeric representation is4+2=6

The fifth, sixth, and seventh characters "rw-" represents the permissions of the current group. So the numeric representation is4+2=6

The eight, nine, and ten characters "r--" represents other users' permissions. So the numeric representation is2

So the operation permissions of this file are represented by numbers as662

Change permissions

sudo chmod [u owner g group o others a all] [+Increase permissions　 -Reduce permissions] [r w x] Directory name

For example, a file named filename has the permission of "-rw-r----" Change the permission value to "-rwxrw-r-" with numeric representation765

sudo chmod u+x g+w o+r filename

The above examples can be represented by numbers

sudo chmod 765 filename

The above is a collection of daily Linux commonly used commands (collect) collected by the editor, hoping it will be helpful to everyone.

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