Classical algorithms in machine learning-Detailed explanation of logistic regression code

Chapter 1: Algorithm Briefly

We hope to have a function that accepts input and predicts the category, which is used for classification. Here, the sigmoid function in mathematics is used, and the specific expression and function graph of the sigmoid function are as follows:

It can be clearly seen that when the input x is less than 0, the function value is less than 0.5, predicting the classification as 0; when the input x is greater than 0, the function value is greater than 0.5, predicting the classification as1.

1.1 Representation of the prediction function

1.2Parameter Solution

Chapter 2: Code Implementation

The sigmoid function calculates the corresponding function value; gradAscent implements batch-Gradient ascent means that all data in the dataset are considered in each iteration; while in stoGradAscent0, all examples in the dataset are compared, which greatly reduces the complexity; stoGradAscent1This is an improvement on stochastic gradient ascent, specifically the frequency of change of alpha varies each time, and the examples used to update the parameters each time are randomly selected.

from numpy import * 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
def loadDataSet(): 
  dataMat = [] 
  labelMat = [] 
  fr = open('testSet.txt') 
  for line in fr.readlines(): 
    lineArr = line.strip('\n').split('\t') 
    dataMat.append([1.0, float(lineArr[1]) 
    labelMat.append(int(lineArr[2)) 
  fr.close() 
  return dataMat, labelMat 
def sigmoid(inX): 
  return 1.0/(1+exp(-inX)) 
def gradAscent(dataMatIn, classLabels): 
  dataMatrix = mat(dataMatIn) 
  labelMat = mat(classLabels).transpose() 
  m,n=shape(dataMatrix) 
  alpha = 0.001 
  maxCycles = 500 
  weights = ones((n,1)) 
  errors=[] 
  for k in range(maxCycles): 
    h = sigmoid(dataMatrix*weights) 
    error = labelMat - h 
    errors.append(sum(error)) 
    weights = weights + alpha*dataMatrix.transpose()*error 
  return weights, errors 
def stoGradAscent0(dataMatIn, classLabels): 
  m,n=shape(dataMatIn) 
  alpha = 0.01 
  weights = ones(n) 
  for i in range(m): 
    h = sigmoid(sum(dataMatIn[i]*weights)) 
    error = classLabels[i] - h  
    weights = weights + alpha*error*dataMatIn[i] 
  return weights 
def stoGradAscent1(dataMatrix, classLabels, numIter = 150): 
  m,n=shape(dataMatrix) 
  weights = ones(n) 
  for j in range(numIter): 
    dataIndex=range(m) 
    for i in range(m): 
      alpha= 4/(1.0+j+i)+0.01 
      randIndex = int(random.uniform(0,len(dataIndex))) 
      h = sigmoid(sum(dataMatrix[randIndex]*weights)) 
      error = classLabels[randIndex]-h 
      weights=weights+alpha*error*dataMatrix[randIndex] 
      del(dataIndex[randIndex]) 
    return weights 
def plotError(errs): 
  k = len(errs) 
  x = range(1,k+1) 
  plt.plot(x,errs,'g--') 
  plt.show() 
def plotBestFit(wei): 
  weights = wei.getA() 
  dataMat, labelMat = loadDataSet() 
  dataArr = array(dataMat) 
  n = shape(dataArr)[0] 
  xcord1=[] 
  ycord1=[] 
  xcord2=[] 
  ycord2=[] 
  for i in range(n):  
    if int(labelMat[i])==1: 
      xcord1.append(dataArr[i,1) 
      ycord1.append(dataArr[i,2) 
    else: 
      xcord2.append(dataArr[i,1) 
      ycord2.append(dataArr[i,2) 
  fig = plt.figure() 
  ax = fig.add_subplot(111) 
  ax.scatter(xcord1, ycord1, s=30, c='red', marker='s') 
  ax.scatter(xcord2, ycord2, s=30, c='green') 
  x = arange(-3.0,3.0,0.1) 
  y=(-weights[0]-weights[1]*x)/weights[2] 
  ax.plot(x,y) 
  plt.xlabel('x1') 
  plt.ylabel('x2') 
  plt.show() 
def classifyVector(inX, weights): 
  prob = sigmoid(sum(inX*weights)) 
  if prob>0.5: 
    return 1.0 
  else: 
    return 0 
def colicTest(ftr, fte, numIter): 
  frTrain = open(ftr) 
  frTest = open(fte) 
  trainingSet=[] 
  trainingLabels=[] 
  for line in frTrain.readlines(): 
    currLine = line.strip('\n').split('\t') 
    lineArr=[] 
    for i in range(21]): 
      lineArr.append(float(currLine[i])) 
    trainingSet.append(lineArr) 
    trainingLabels.append(float(currLine[21)) 
  frTrain.close() 
  trainWeights = stoGradAscent1(array(trainingSet),trainingLabels, numIter) 
  errorCount = 0 
  numTestVec = 0.0 
  for line in frTest.readlines(): 
    numTestVec += 1.0 
    currLine = line.strip('\n').split('\t') 
    lineArr=[] 
    for i in range(21]): 
      lineArr.append(float(currLine[i])) 
    if int(classifyVector(array(lineArr), trainWeights))!=int(currLine[21]) 
      errorCount += 1 
  frTest.close() 
  errorRate = (float(errorCount))/numTestVec 
  return errorRate 
def multiTest(ftr, fte, numT, numIter): 
  errors=[] 
  for k in range(numT): 
    error = colicTest(ftr, fte, numIter) 
    errors.append(error) 
  print "There "+str(len(errors))+" test with "+str(numIter)+" interations in all!" 
  for i in range(numT): 
    print "The "+str(i+1)+"th"+" testError is:"+str(errors[i]) 
  print "Average testError: ", float(sum(errors))/len(errors) 
''''' 
data, labels = loadDataSet() 
weights0 = stoGradAscent0(array(data), labels) 
weights,errors = gradAscent(data, labels) 
weights1= stoGradAscent1(array(data), labels, 500) 
print weights 
plotBestFit(weights) 
print weights0 
weights00 = [] 
for w in weights0: 
  weights00.append([w]) 
plotBestFit(mat(weights00)) 
print weights1 
weights11=[] 
for w in weights1: 
  weights11.append([w]) 
plotBestFit(mat(weights11)) 
''' 
multiTest(r"horseColicTraining.txt",r"horseColicTest.txt",10,500) 

Summary

That is all about the classic algorithm of machine learning in this article-Full Code Explanation of Logistic Regression in Python, hoping it will be helpful to everyone. Those who are interested can continue to refer to this site:

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