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PHP Mathematical Operators

In this tutorial, you will learn how to perform mathematical operations in PHP.

Performing Mathematical Operations

PHP has multiple built-in functions that can help you perform all operations from simple addition or subtraction to advanced calculations. You have alreadyPHP OperatorsWe have learned how to perform basic mathematical operations in this chapter. Let's look at another example:

Example

<?php
echo　7　+　3echo　//　Output:　10
;
echo　7　-　2echo　//　Output:　5
;
echo　7　*　2echo　//　Output:　14
;
echo　7　/　2echo　//　Output:　3You can use the sqrt() function to find the square root of a positive number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN. Here is an example:5
;
echo　7　%　2echo　//　Output:　1
?>

Test to see‹/›

Each mathematical operation has a certain priority; usually, multiplication and division are performed before addition and subtraction. However, parentheses can change this priority. Regardless of the priority of the operation, the expressions within the parentheses are always evaluated first, as shown in the following examples:

Example

<?php
echo　5　+　4　*　10echo　　　　　　　　　//　Output:　45
;
echo '<br>';5　+　4echo (　*　10echo　　　　　　　//　Output:　90
;
echo　5　+　4　*　10　/　2echo　　　　　//　Output:　25
;
echo　8　*　10　/　4　-　2echo　　　　　//　Output:　18
;
echo　8　*　10　/　)4　-　2);　　　//　Output:　40
;
echo　8　+　10　/　4　-　2echo　　　　　//　Output:　8You can use the sqrt() function to find the square root of a positive number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN. Here is an example:5
;
echo '<br>';8　+　10echo (　/　)4　-　2);　//　Output:　9
?>

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(

In the following section, we will learn some built-in PHP functions that are most commonly used for mathematical operations.

Find the absolute value of a numberYou can use the abs() function to findIntegerorFloating point number

Example

<?php
(integer)5)　.　"<br>";　　　　//　Output:　5　The absolute value, as shown in the following examples:
(integer)-5)　.　"<br>";　　　//　Output:　5　The absolute value, as shown in the following examples:
(integer)4You can use the sqrt() function to find the square root of a positive number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN. Here is an example:2)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　4You can use the sqrt() function to find the square root of a positive number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN. Here is an example:2　echo abs(/(double
(integer)-4You can use the sqrt() function to find the square root of a positive number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN. Here is an example:2)　.　"<br>";　//　Output:　4You can use the sqrt() function to find the square root of a positive number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN. Here is an example:2　echo abs(/(double
?>

Test to see‹/›

float)

As you can see, if the given number is negative, the returned value is positive. However, if the number is positive, this function only returns the number.

Round up or down the decimal value

Example

<?php
//The ceil() function can be used to round a decimal to the next highest integer, while the floor() function can be used to round a decimal to the next lowest integer, as shown in the following examples:
Fractional part up rounding4You can use the sqrt() function to find the square root of a positive number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN. Here is an example:2)　.　"<br>";　　　　//　Output:　5
Fractional part up rounding9You can use the sqrt() function to find the square root of a positive number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN. Here is an example:99)　.　"<br>";　　　//　Output:　10
Fractional part up rounding-5You can use the sqrt() function to find the square root of a positive number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN. Here is an example:18)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　-5
　
//echo ceil(
Fractional part down rounding4You can use the sqrt() function to find the square root of a positive number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN. Here is an example:2)　.　"<br>";　　　　//　Output:　4
Fractional part down rounding9You can use the sqrt() function to find the square root of a positive number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN. Here is an example:99)　.　"<br>";　　　//　Output:　9
Fractional part down rounding-5You can use the sqrt() function to find the square root of a positive number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN. Here is an example:18)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　-6
?>

Test to see‹/›

echo floor(

Find the square root of a number

Example

<?php
.9)　.　"<br>";　　　//　Output:　3
.25)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　5
.10)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　3You can use the sqrt() function to find the square root of a positive number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN. Here is an example:1622776601684
.-16)　.　"<br>";　//　echo sqrt(
?>

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Output: NAN

Generate random numbers

Example

<?php
//The rand() function can be used to generate random numbers. You can specify a range by passing min, max parameters, as shown in the following examples:
Generate some random numbers
Generate some random numbers
　
//echo rand() . "<br>";1to10Generate some numbers between1and10）
between (including1,　10)　.　"<br>";
between (including1,　10)　.　"<br>";
?>

Test to see‹/›

echo rand(32767If the rand() function is called without optional min, max parameters, it will return a pseudo-random number between 0 and getrandmax(). The function getrandmax() displays the maximum random value, which is only32767Therefore, if you need a number greater than

Range, you can simply specify the min and max parameters.

Conversion between decimal and binary numbers

Example

<?php
//Convert decimal to binary
The decbin() function is used to convert a decimal number to a binary number. The corresponding bindec() function converts a number from binary to decimal.2)　.　"<br>";　　　　//　Output:　10　　
The decbin() function is used to convert a decimal number to a binary number. The corresponding bindec() function converts a number from binary to decimal.12)　.　"<br>";　　　//　Output:　1100　　
The decbin() function is used to convert a decimal number to a binary number. The corresponding bindec() function converts a number from binary to decimal.100) . "<br>";　　//　Output:　1100100
　
//Convert binary to decimal
echo bindec(10)　.　"<br>";　　　　　　　//　Output:　2　
echo bindec(1100) . "<br>";　　　　　//　Output:　12　　
echo bindec(1100100);　　//　Output:　100
?>

Test to see‹/›

Conversion between decimal and hexadecimal numbers

The dechex() function is used to convert a decimal number to its hexadecimal representation. The hexdec() function is used to convert a hexadecimal string to a decimal number.

Example

<?php
//Convert decimal to hexadecimal
echo dechex(255)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output: ff
echo dechex(196)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　c4
echo dechex(0) . "<br>";　　　　//　Output:　0
　
//Convert hexadecimal to decimal
echo　hexdec('ff')　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　255
echo　hexdec('c';4')　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　196
echo　hexdec(0);　　　　　//　Output:　0
?>

Test to see‹/›

Decimal and octal numbers are converted to each other

decoct() function is used to convert a decimal number to its octal representation. octdec() function is used to convert an octal number to a decimal number. The conversion between decimal and octal numbers

Example

<?php
//Convert decimal to octal　
echo　decoct(12)　.　"<br>";　　　//　Output:　14
echo　decoct(256)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　400
echo　decoct(77)　.　"<br>";　　　//　Output:　115
　
//Convert octal to decimal
echo　octdec('14')　.　"<br>";　　　//　Output:　12
echo　octdec('400')　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　256
echo　octdec('115);　　//　Output:　77
?>

Test to see‹/›

Convert a number from one base system to another

base_convert() function can be used to convert a number from one base system to another. For example, you can convert decimal (Base10）Convert to binary（Base2）， hexadecimal（Base16）Convert to octal（Base8））。 Octal to hexadecimal, hexadecimal to decimal, and so on.

This function accepts three parameters: the number to be converted, the current base, and the base to be converted to. The basic syntax is as follows:

base_convert(number,frombase,tobase);

frombase and tobase must be in2to36between (including2and36）。 Base greater than10The number will be represented by the letter a-z represents, where a represents10, b represents11, z represents35. This is a simple example that shows how this function works:

Example

<?php
//Convert decimal to binary
echo　base_convert('12',　10,　2)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　1100
//Convert binary to decimal
echo　base_convert('1100',　2,　10)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　12
　
//Convert decimal to hexadecimal
echo　base_convert('10889592',　10,　16)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　a62978
//Convert hexadecimal to decimal
echo　base_convert('a62978',　16,　10)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　10889592
　
//Convert decimal to octal
echo　base_convert('82',　10,　8)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　122
//Convert octal to decimal
echo　base_convert('122',　8,　10)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　82
　
//Convert hexadecimal to octal
echo　base_convert('c2c6a8',　16,　8)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　60543250
//Convert octal to hexadecimal
echo　base_convert('60543250',　8,　16)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　c2c6a8
　
//Convert octal to binary
echo　base_convert('42',　8,　2)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　100010
//Convert binary to octal
echo　base_convert('100010',　2,　8)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　42
　
//Convert hexadecimal to binary
echo　base_convert('abc',　16,　2)　.　"<br>";　　//　Output:　101010111100
//Convert binary to hexadecimal
echo　base_convert('101010111100',　2,　16);　　//　Output:　abc
?>

Test to see‹/›

Note:The base_convert() function will always return a string value. If the returned value starts with10If the base is set to 0, the resulting string can be used as a numeric string in calculations, and PHP will convert it to a number during execution.

PHP Magic Constants PHP Object-Oriented Programming