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在MATLAB中创建字符串非常简单。实际上,我们已经使用了很多次。例如,您在命令提示符下键入以下内容-
my_string = 'oldtoolbag.com'
MATLAB将执行上述语句并返回以下结果-
my_string = oldtoolbag.com
MATLAB将所有变量视为数组,而字符串则视为字符数组。让我们使用whos命令来检查上面创建的变量-
whos
MATLAB将执行上述语句并返回以下结果-
Name Size Bytes Class Attributes my_string 1x16 32 char
有趣的是,您可以使用数字转换函数,例如uint8或uint16以将字符串中的字符转换为其数字代码。char函数将整数向量转换回字符-
Create a script file and enter the following code-
my_string = 'w3codebox''s com'; str_ascii = uint8(my_string) %8位 ascii 值 str_back_to_char= char(str_ascii) str_16bit = uint16(my_string) %16Bit ascii value str_back_to_char = char(str_16bit)
When running the file, it displays the following result-
str_ascii = 110 104 111 111 111 39 115 32 99 111 109 str_back_to_char = w3codebox's com str_16bit = 110 104 111 111 111 39 115 32 99 111 109 str_back_to_char = w3codebox's com
到目前为止,我们讨论的字符串是一维字符数组。但是,我们需要存储更多。我们需要在程序中存储更多维度的文本数据。这是通过创建矩形字符数组来实现的。
创建矩形字符数组的最简单方法是根据需要垂直或水平连接两个或多个一维字符数组。
您可以通过以下两种方式垂直组合字符串-
使用MATLAB连接运算符[],并用分号(;)分隔每一行。请注意,在此方法中,每行必须包含相同数量的字符。对于长度不同的字符串,应根据需要使用空格字符填充。
使用char函数。如果字符串的长度不同,char会用尾随空格填充较短的字符串,以便每行具有相同的字符数。
Create a script file and enter the following code-
doc_profile = ['Zara Ali '; ... 'R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center'] 'RN Tagore Cardiology Research Center')
When running the file, it displays the following result-
doc_profile = Zara Ali Senior Surgeon R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center doc_profile = Zara Ali Senior Surgeon RN Tagore Cardiology Research Center
You can horizontally combine strings in the following two ways-
Use MATLAB concatenation operator[]And use commas or spaces to separate input strings. This method retains all trailing spaces in the input array.
The strcat function is used to remove trailing spaces from the input.
Create a script file and enter the following code-
name = 'Zara Ali '; position = 'Sr. Surgeon '; worksAt = 'R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center'; profile = [name ', ' position ', ' worksAt] profile = strcat(name, ', ', position, ', ', worksAt)
When running the file, it displays the following result-
profile = Zara Ali, Senior Surgeon, R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center profile = Zara Ali, Senior Surgeon, R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center
It can be clearly seen from the previous discussion that it may be麻烦 to merge strings of different lengths, because all strings in the array must have the same length. We used spaces at the end of the strings to make their lengths equal.
However, a more efficient method to combine strings is to convert the result array to a cell array.
MATLAB cell arrays can store different sizes and types of data in an array. Cell arrays provide a more flexible way to store strings of variable lengths.
cellstrThe function converts a character array to a cell array of strings.
Create a script file and enter the following code-
name = 'Zara Ali '; position = 'Sr. Surgeon '; worksAt = 'R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center'; profile = char(name, position, worksAt); profile = cellstr(profile); disp(profile)
When running the file, it displays the following result-
{ [1,1] = Zara Ali [2,1] = Sr. Surgeon [3,1] = R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center }
MATLAB provides many string functions to create, combine, parse, compare, and operate on strings.
The following table briefly introduces string functions in MATLAB.-
Function | Effect |
---|---|
Functions used to store text in character arrays, combine character arrays, etc. | |
blanks | Create a string of blank characters |
cellstr | Create a cell array of strings from a character array |
char | Convert to a character array (string) |
iscellstr | Determine if the input is a cell array of strings |
ischar | Determine if an item is an array of character |
sprintf | Format data into a string |
strcat | Horizontally connect strings |
strjoin | Concatenate strings in a cell array into a single string |
Function to identify a part of the string, find and replace a substring | |
ischar | Determine if an item is an array of character |
isletter | Array element of a letter |
isspace | As an array element of a space character |
isstrprop | Determine if a string belongs to a specified category |
sscanf | Read formatted data from a string |
strfind | Find a string within another string |
strrep | Find and replace substring |
strsplit | Split string at specified delimiter |
strtok | Selected part of the string |
validatestring | Check the validity of the text string |
symvar | Determine the symbol variables in the expression |
regexp | Match regular expression (case-sensitive) |
regexpi | Match regular expression (case-insensitive) |
regexprep | Use regular expression to replace string |
regexptranslate | Convert string to regular expression |
String comparison functions | |
strcmp | Compare strings (case-sensitive) |
strcmpi | Compare strings (case-insensitive) |
strncmp | Compare the first n characters of a string (case-sensitive) |
strncmpi | Compare the first n characters of a string (case-insensitive) |
Functions to change string to uppercase or lowercase, create or delete spaces | |
deblank | Remove trailing spaces from the end of string |
strtrim | Remove leading and trailing spaces from string |
lower | Convert string to lowercase |
upper | Convert string to uppercase |
strjust | Align character array |
The following examples illustrate some of the string functions mentioned above-
Create a script file and enter the following code-
A = pi*1000*ones(1,5); sprintf(' %f \ %.2f \ %+.2f \ %12.2f \ %012.2f \ ', A)
When running the file, it displays the following result-
ans = 3141.592654 3141.59 +3141.59 3141.59 000003141.59
Create a script file and enter the following code-
% String cell array str_array = {'red','blue','green', 'yellow', 'orange'}; % Join strings in a cell array into a single string str1 = strjoin(str_array, ",");-) str2 = strjoin(str_array, ",");
When running the file, it displays the following result-
str1 = red-blue-green-yellow-orange str2 = red,blue,green,yellow,orange
Create a script file and enter the following code-
students = {'Zara Ali', 'Neha Bhatnagar', ...} 'Monica Malik', 'Madhu Gautam', ... 'Madhu Sharma', 'Bhawna Sharma', ... 'Nuha Ali', 'Reva Dutta', ... 'Sunaina Ali', 'Sofia Kabir'; % The strrep function searches for and replaces a substring. new_student = strrep(students(8), 'Reva', 'Poulomi') % Display names first_names = strtok(students
When running the file, it displays the following result-
new_student = { [1,1]= Poulomi Dutta } first_names = { [1,1]= Zara [1,2]= Neha [1,3]= Monica [1,4]= Madhu [1,5]= Madhu [1,6]= Bhawna [1,7]= Nuha [1,8]= Reva [1,9]= Sunaina [1,10]= Sofia }
Create a script file and enter the following code-
str1 = 'This is test' str2 = 'This is text' if (strcmp(str1, str2)) sprintf('%s and %s are equal', str1, str2) else sprintf('%s and %s are not equal', str1, str2) end
When running the file, it displays the following result-
str1 = This is test str2 = This is text ans = This is test and This is text are not equal