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In PostgreSQL,ALTER TABLE Command for adding, modifying, and deleting columns of an existing table.
You can also use ALTER TABLE Command for adding and deleting constraints.
Syntax for adding a column to an existing table using ALTER TABLE as follows:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;
DROP COLUMN (delete column) from an existing table, syntax as follows:
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name;
Modify the DATA TYPE (data type) of a specific column in the table, syntax as follows:
ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER COLUMN column_name TYPE datatype;
Add NOT NULL constraint to a specific column in the table, syntax as follows:
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY column_name datatype NOT NULL;
Add UNIQUE constraint to a specific column in the table, syntax as follows:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT MyUniqueConstraint UNIQUE(column1, column2...);
Add CHECK CONSTRAINT (add CHECK constraint) to the table, syntax as follows:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT MyUniqueConstraint CHECK (CONDITION);
Add PRIMARY KEY to table (add primary key), syntax is as follows:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT MyPrimaryKey PRIMARY KEY (column1, column2...);
DROP CONSTRAINT (delete constraint), syntax is as follows:
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP CONSTRAINT MyUniqueConstraint;
If it is MYSQL, the code is like this:
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP INDEX MyUniqueConstraint;
DROP PRIMARY KEY (delete primary key), syntax is as follows:
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP CONSTRAINT MyPrimaryKey;
If it is MYSQL, the code is like this:
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP PRIMARY KEY;
Create COMPANY table (Download COMPANY SQL file ),data content is as follows:
w3codeboxdb# select * from COMPANY; id | name | age | address | salary ----+-------+-----+-----------+-------- 1 | Paul | 32 | California| 20000 2 | Allen | 25 | Texas | 15000 3 | Teddy | 23 | Norway | 20000 4 | Mark | 25 | Rich-Mond | 65000 5 | David | 27 | Texas | 85000 6 | Kim | 22 | South-Hall| 45000 7 | James | 24 | Houston | 10000 (7 rows)
The following example shows how to add a new column to this table:
w3codeboxdb=# ALTER TABLE COMPANY ADD GENDER char(1);
The table now looks like this:
id | name | age | address | salary | gender ----+-------+-----+-------------+--------+-------- 1 | Paul | 32 | California | 20000 | 2 | Allen | 25 | Texas | 15000 | 3 | Teddy | 23 | Norway | 20000 | 4 | Mark | 25 | Rich-Mond | 65000 | 5 | David | 27 | Texas | 85000 | 6 | Kim | 22 | South-Hall | 45000 | 7 | James | 24 | Houston | 10000 | (7 rows)
The following example shows how to delete the GENDER column:
w3codeboxdb=# ALTER TABLE COMPANY DROP GENDER;
The result is as follows:
id | name | age | address | salary ----+-------+-----+-----------+-------- 1 | Paul | 32 | California| 20000 2 | Allen | 25 | Texas | 15000 3 | Teddy | 23 | Norway | 20000 4 | Mark | 25 | Rich-Mond | 65000 5 | David | 27 | Texas | 85000 6 | Kim | 22 | South-Hall| 45000 7 | James | 24 | Houston | 10000