HTML Reference Manual

Comprehensive list of HTML tags

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Common Keyboard Shortcuts

Using keyboard shortcuts can save time, improve work efficiency, and reduce the number of mouse clicks.

Keyboard shortcuts for Windows and Mac

Keyboard shortcuts are frequently used in modern operating systems and computer software programs.

Using keyboard shortcuts can save you a lot of time.

Basic shortcuts

Description	Windows	Mac OS
Edit menu	Alt + E	Ctrl + F2 + F
File menu	Alt + F	Ctrl + F2 + E
View menu	Alt + V	Ctrl + F2 + V
Select all text	Ctrl + A	Cmd + A
Copy text	Ctrl + C	Cmd + C
Find text	Ctrl + F	Cmd + F
Find and replace text	Ctrl + H	Cmd + F
Create a new document	Ctrl + N	Cmd + N
Open a file	Ctrl + O	Cmd + O
Print options	Ctrl + P	Cmd + P
Save the file	Ctrl + S	Cmd + S
Paste text	Ctrl + V	Cmd + V
Cut text	Ctrl + X	Cmd + X
Redo text	Ctrl + Y	Shift + Cmd + Z
Undo text	Ctrl + Z	Cmd + Z

Text Editing

Description	Windows	Mac OS
Cursor movement
Move the insertion cursor to the right or to the beginning of the next line	Right Arrow	Right Arrow
Move the insertion cursor to the left or to the end of the previous line	Left Arrow	Left Arrow
Move the insertion cursor up one line	Up Arrow	Up Arrow
Move the insertion cursor down one line	Down Arrow	Down Arrow
Move the insertion cursor to the beginning of the current line	Home	Cmd + Left Arrow
Move the insertion cursor to the end of the current line	End	Cmd + Right Arrow
Move the insertion cursor to the beginning of the document	Ctrl + Home	Cmd + Up Arrow
Move the insertion cursor to the end of the document	Ctrl + End	Cmd + Down Arrow
Move the insertion cursor to the previous text box	Page Up	Fn + Up Arrow
Move the insertion cursor to the next text box	Page Down	Fn + Down Arrow
Move the insertion cursor to the start of the previous word to the left	Ctrl + Left Arrow	Option + Left Arrow
Move the insertion cursor to the start of the next word to the right	Ctrl + Right Arrow	Option + Right Arrow
Move the insertion cursor to the beginning of the line	Ctrl + Up Arrow	Cmd + Left Arrow
Move the insertion cursor to the end of the line	Ctrl + Down Arrow	Cmd + Right Arrow

Text selection
Select the character to the left of the insertion cursor	Shift + Left Arrow	Shift + Left Arrow
Select the character to the right of the insertion cursor	Shift + Right Arrow	Shift + Right Arrow
Select a line of text upward	Shift + Up Arrow	Shift + Up Arrow
Select a line of text downward	Shift + Down Arrow	Shift + Down Arrow
Select the character to the left of the insertion cursor	Shift + Ctrl + Left	Shift + Opt + Left
Select the character to the right of the insertion cursor	Shift + Ctrl + Right	Shift + Opt + Right
Select a text segment to the left	Shift + Ctrl + Up	Shift + Opt + Up
Select a text segment to the right	Shift + Ctrl + Down	Shift + Opt + Down
Select text to insert cursor between the beginning of the current line and the cursor	Shift + Home	Cmd + Shift + Left Arrow
Select text to insert cursor between the end of the current line and the cursor	Shift + End	Cmd + Shift + Right Arrow
Select text to insert cursor between the text and the beginning of the document	Shift + Ctrl + Home	Cmd + Shift + Up Arrow or Cmd + Shift + Fn + Left Arrow
Select the text from the text insertion cursor to the end of the document	Shift + Ctrl + End	Cmd + Shift + Down Arrow or Cmd + Shift + Fn + Right Arrow
Select the previous text box up	Shift + Page Up	Shift + Fn + Up Arrow
Select the next text box down	Shift + Page Down	Shift + Fn + Down Arrow
Select all text	Ctrl + A	Cmd + A
Find text	Ctrl + F	Cmd + F

Text Formatting
Set the selected text to bold	Ctrl + B	Cmd + B
Set the selected text to italic	Ctrl + I	Cmd + I
Underline the selected text	Ctrl + U	Cmd + U
Set the selected text to superscript	Ctrl + Shift + =	Cmd + Shift + =
Set the selected text to subscript	Ctrl + =	Cmd + =

Text Editing
Delete the character to the left of the text insertion cursor	Backspace	Backspace
Delete the character to the right of the text insertion cursor	Delete	Fn + Backspace
Delete the character to the right of the text insertion cursor	Ctrl + Del	Cmd + Backspace
Delete the character to the left of the text insertion cursor	Ctrl + Backspace	Cmd + Fn + Backspace
Increase indentation	Tab	Tab
Decrease indentation	Shift + Tab	Shift + Tab
Copy text	Ctrl + C	Cmd + C
Find and replace text	Ctrl + H	Cmd + F
Paste text	Ctrl + V	Cmd + V
Cut text	Ctrl + X	Cmd + X
Redo text	Ctrl + Y	Shift + Cmd + Z
Undo text	Ctrl + Z	Cmd + Z

Web Browser

Description	Windows	Mac OS
Navigation
Scroll down the scroll box	Space or Page Down	Space or Fn + Down Arrow
Scroll up the scroll box	Shift + Space or Page Up	Shift + Space or Fn + Up Arrow
Locate to the bottom of the page	End	Cmd + Down Arrow
Locate to the top of the page	Home	Cmd + Up Arrow
Back	Alt + Left Arrow or Backspace	Cmd + Left Arrow
Forward	Alt + Right Arrow or Shift + Backspace	Cmd + Right Arrow
Refresh the web page	F5	Cmd + R
Refresh the web page (without cache)	Ctrl + F5	Cmd + Shift + R
Stop	Esc	Esc
Toggle Full Screen	F11	Cmd + Shift + F
Zoom In	Ctrl + +	Cmd + +
Zoom Out	Ctrl + -	Cmd + -
Reset 100% (Default)	Ctrl + 0	Cmd + 0
Open the homepage	Alt + Home	Option + Home or Option + Fn + Left Arrow
Find text	Ctrl + F	Cmd + F

Tab/Window Management
Open a new tab	Ctrl + T	Cmd + T
Close the current tab	Ctrl + W	Cmd + W
Close all tabs	Ctrl + Shift + W	Cmd + Q
Close all tabs except the current tab	Ctrl + Alt + F4	Cmd + Opt + W
Locate to the next tab	Ctrl + Tab	Control + Tab or Cmd + Shift + Right Arrow
Locate to the previous tab	Ctrl + Shift + Tab	Shift + Control + Tab or Cmd + Shift + Left Arrow
Locate to the tab with the specified number	Ctrl + 1-8	Cmd + 1-8
Locate to the last tab	Ctrl + 9	Cmd + 9
Reopen the last closed tab	Ctrl + Shift + T	Cmd + Shift + T
Open a new window	Ctrl + N	Cmd + N
Close the current window	Alt + F4	Cmd + W
Locate to the next window	Alt + Tab	Cmd + Tab
Locate to the previous window	Alt + Shift + Tab	Cmd + Shift + Tab
Reopen the last closed window	Ctrl + Shift + N
Open the link in the background tab	Ctrl + Click	Cmd + Click
Open the link in the foreground tab	Ctrl + Shift + Click	Cmd + Shift + Click
Print the current web page	Ctrl + P	Cmd + P
Save the current web page	Ctrl + S	Cmd + S

Address bar
Cycle through positioning between the toolbar, search bar, and page elements	Tab	Tab
Locate to the browser's address bar	Ctrl + L or Alt + D	Cmd + L
Focus and select the browser's search bar	Ctrl + E	Cmd + E / Cmd + K
Open the address bar location in a new tab	Alt + Enter	Opt + Enter
Display a series of previously visited addresses	F4
Add "www." at the beginning of the text in the address bar and "\.com" at the end. (For example, enter "baidu" in the address bar and then press Ctrl) + Enter key, which opens "www.baidu.com".)	Ctrl + Enter	Cmd + Enter or Control + Enter

Bookmarks
Open the bookmark menu	Ctrl + B	Cmd + B
Add the current page as a bookmark	Ctrl + D	Cmd + Opt + B or Cmd + Shift + B
Open browsing history	Ctrl + H	Cmd + Shift + H or Cmd + Y
Open download history	Ctrl + J	Cmd + J or Cmd + Shift + J

Screen Shot

Description	Windows	Mac OS
Save the entire screen screenshot as a file		Cmd + Shift + 3
Copy the entire screen screenshot to the clipboard	PrtScr (Print Screen) or Ctrl + PrtScr	Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 3
Save the window screenshot as a file		Cmd + Shift + 4, then Space
Copy the window screenshot to the clipboard	Alt + PrtScr	Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 4, then Space
Copy the selected area screenshot to the clipboard		Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 4
Save the selected area screenshot as a file		Cmd + Shift + 4

Comments:Due to different keyboard settings, some shortcuts may not be applicable to all users.

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