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An expression is a combination of one or more values, operators, and SQL functions that evaluate to a value.
SQL expressions are similar to formulas and are written in query language. You can also use them to query a specific set of data in a database.
Look at the basic syntax of the SELECT statement, as shown below:
SELECT column1, column2, columnN FROM table_name WHERE [CONDITION | EXPRESSION];
The following are different types of SQLite expressions.
SQLite boolean expressions retrieve data based on matching single values. The following is the syntax-
SELECT column1, column2, columnN FROM table_name WHERE SINGLE VALUE MATCHTING EXPRESSION;
Consider the COMPANY table with the following records-
ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 1 Paul 32 California 20000.0 2 Allen 25 Texas 15000.0 3 Teddy 23 Norway 20000.0 4 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 65000.0 5 David 27 Texas 85000.0 6 Kim 22 South-Hall 45000.0 7 James 24 Houston 10000.0
The following is a simple example showing the usage of SQLite boolean expressions-
sqlite> SELECT * FROM COMPANY WHERE SALARY = 10000; ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 4 James 24 Houston 10000.0
These expressions are used to perform any mathematical operation in any query. The following is the syntax-
SELECT numerical_expression as OPERATION_NAME[FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION];
Here, numeric_expression is used for mathematical expressions or any formula. Below is a simple example showing the usage of SQLite numeric expressions.
sqlite> SELECT (15 + 6) AS ADDITION ADDITION = 21
There are several built-in functions, such as avg(), sum(), count(), and so on, which are used to perform so-called aggregate data calculations on tables or specific table columns.
sqlite> SELECT COUNT(*) AS "RECORDS" FROM COMPANY; RECORDS = 7
Date expressions return the current system date and time value. These expressions are used in various data operations.
sqlite> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; CURRENT_TIMESTAMP = 2013-03-17 10:43:35