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SQLite Expressions

An expression is a combination of one or more values, operators, and SQL functions that evaluate to a value.

SQL expressions are similar to formulas and are written in query language. You can also use them to query a specific set of data in a database.

Syntax

Look at the basic syntax of the SELECT statement, as shown below:

SELECT column1, column2, columnN FROM table_name WHERE [CONDITION | EXPRESSION];

The following are different types of SQLite expressions.

SQLite-Boolean expression

SQLite boolean expressions retrieve data based on matching single values. The following is the syntax-

SELECT column1, column2, columnN FROM table_name WHERE SINGLE VALUE MATCHTING EXPRESSION;

Consider the COMPANY table with the following records-

ID          NAME        AGE          ADDRESS     SALARY
----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------
1           Paul        32          California  20000.0
2           Allen       25          Texas       15000.0
3           Teddy       23          Norway      20000.0
4           Mark        25          Rich-Mond   65000.0
5           David       27          Texas       85000.0
6           Kim         22          South-Hall  45000.0
7           James       24          Houston     10000.0

The following is a simple example showing the usage of SQLite boolean expressions-

sqlite> SELECT * FROM COMPANY WHERE SALARY = 10000;
ID          NAME        AGE          ADDRESS     SALARY
----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------
4           James        24          Houston   10000.0

SQLite-Numeric expression

These expressions are used to perform any mathematical operation in any query. The following is the syntax-

SELECT numerical_expression as OPERATION_NAME[FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION];

Here, numeric_expression is used for mathematical expressions or any formula. Below is a simple example showing the usage of SQLite numeric expressions.

sqlite> SELECT (15 + 6) AS ADDITION
ADDITION = 21

There are several built-in functions, such as avg(), sum(), count(), and so on, which are used to perform so-called aggregate data calculations on tables or specific table columns.

sqlite> SELECT COUNT(*) AS "RECORDS" FROM COMPANY; 
RECORDS = 7

SQLite-Date Expressions

Date expressions return the current system date and time value. These expressions are used in various data operations.

sqlite> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP = 2013-03-17 10:43:35