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The HAVING clause allows you to specify conditions to filter which group results appear in the final results.
The WHERE clause places conditions on the selected columns, while the HAVING clause places conditions on the groups created by the GROUP BY clause.
The following is the position of the HAVING clause in the SELECT query.
SELECT FROM WHERE GROUP BY HAVING ORDER BY
The HAVING clause must follow the GROUP BY clause in the query and, if used, must also precede the ORDER BY clause. The following is the syntax of the SELECT statement including the HAVING clause.
SELECT column1, column2 FROM table1, table2 WHERE [ conditions ] GROUP BY column1, column2 HAVING [ conditions ] ORDER BY column1, column2
Consider the COMPANY table with the following records.
ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 1 Paul 32 California 20000.0 2 Allen 25 Texas 15000.0 3 Teddy 23 Norway 20000.0 4 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 65000.0 5 David 27 Texas 85000.0 6 Kim 22 South-Hall 45000.0 7 James 24 Houston 10000.0 8 Paul 24 Houston 20000.0 9 James 44 Norway 5000.0 10 James 45 Texas 5000.0
The following is an example, which will display the count of names less than2的记录。
sqlite > SELECT * FROM COMPANY GROUP BY name HAVING count(name) < 2;
这将产生以下结果。
ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 2 Allen 25 Texas 15000 5 David 27 Texas 85000 6 Kim 22 South-Hall 45000 4 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 65000 3 Teddy 23 Norway 20000
下面是示例,它将显示名称计数大于2的记录。
sqlite > SELECT * FROM COMPANY GROUP BY name HAVING count(name) > 2;
这将产生以下结果。
ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 10 James 45 Texas 5000